Machine for crushing ore, stone, and the like



Aug. 19, 1-930.

J. w. ERlcssoN 1,773,616

CHINE FOR CRUSHING' ORE, STONE, AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 13, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Afig. 19, 1930. w. ERICSSON IACHINE FOR CRUSHING ORE, STONE, AND THE LIKE Filed 001;. 1a, 1927 s Sheets- Sheet 2 (74:11 W fnz cssaw'x II M I Aug. 19, 1930. J. w.-ER|cssoN 1,773,616

' ucnms FOR cxusnme baa, STONE, AND THE LIKE:

Filed Oct. 15. 1927 s Sheets-Sheet a Ven Zara- Patented Aug. 19, 1930 sras PATNT orrice JOHN WALDEMAR ERICSSON, OF SVEDALA, SWEDEN MACHINE FOR CRUSHING ORE, STONE, AND THE LIKE Application filed October 13, 1927, Serial No. 225,931, and in- Sweden November 4, 1926.

This invention relates to machines for crushing ore, stone and the like, in which the material is crushed between two crushing plates rotating in the same direction and at the same time reciprocating in relation to each other in axial direction, the feeding of the material occurring at the center part of one of the plates through an opening therein and the material, upon having been crushed,

being discharged through a fine passage between the crushing plates, which passage may be adjusted in accordance with the desired grade of fineness of the material.

Machines of this kind are already known.

However, the construction of such machines,

which have hitherto been proposed, are combined with considerable drawbacks, so that the machines have not come into practical use. The disadvantages inherent in previous. ly proposed mach nes of this kind are sub-' stantially due to the fact that at least an essential portion of the crushing'pressure produced by the machine has been transferred to the supporting bearing constructions of the machine, which necessitated the provision of extremely strong and heavy bearings,

without however being able to prevent overpower components arising from the crushing 40 pressure are absorbed by said cyllnder whlch Y as a whole is rotatably journalled in the frame of the machine and carries the crushing plates, so that no portion of the crushing pressure can be transferred to the bearings and the frame of the-machine. Ajonormal stresses on the bearings, therefore, are not set up, and the bearings only serve the purpose of supportingthe actual'weight of the rotating parts of the machine, thereby exeluding all risks of the bearings running hot,

without the necessity of providing specially strong bearing constructions or special automatic lubricating devices.

This is the main object of the invention and i otherqcharacteristic features will appear in the following description and will be specifically claim-ed hereinafter.

As one important feature of the construction according to the invention, all parts of the driving mechanism are made easilyacces- GO sible for adjusting, repairing and similar purposes, which in machines hitherto used necessitated an almost complete dismantling of thewhole machine.

A further feature is the special form of G5 the crushing plates for the purpose of increasing their effective life as much as possible, or in other words: to distribute the can be kept in continuous working conditions under long periods, and its life will be increased without any special maintenance or adjustments, and if an adjustment should be required, this can be carried out very easily. I at The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 'is vertical sectional view of the whole machine.

Fig- 2 is a sectional viewof the mecha- =36 nism for producing the reciprocating motions, the mechanism having a difierent position than that shown in Fig. 1, having been turned Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken between the 5 crushing plates and looking towards the driving mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a sectional detail in two different positions, one of which is shown in dotted lines.

Fig. is a side elevation of another detail in two different positions, of which one position is shown in dotted lines.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of an end portion of the machine, on a larger scale than Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a face view of a modified crushing late. p Figs. 8 and 9 are two diflerent sectional views of the plate shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. is a face view of another modified crushing plate.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of same.

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of two opposing crushing plates of the type shown in Fig. 10.

In the machine as illustrated, 1 is an outer cylinder which is provided at one end with a.

dished part or flange 2 and, at the other end with an enlarged part 3 of cylindrical form and coaxial with the cylinder. 1. The cylinder 1 is, rotatably journalled in bearings 5 and 6 mounted in;the machine frame 7 which is suitably supported by a foundation (not shown). The flange 2, which may be suitably attached to or integral with the cylinder 1, is detachably connected by means of screws 8 and distance pieces 9-to an annular plate 10 which centrally supports the crushing plate 11. Between the crushing plate 11 and the annular plate 10 is preferably placed a layer of zinc or other suitable metalin order to obtain a. good fitting. This crushing plate is fastened. to the plate 10 by means of a bayonet catch, of which the ring 12'is provided with a nut 13.

WVithin' the outer cylinder 1, there isarranged an inner cylinder 14 at one end. of which is arranged'a dished end piece 15 hav ing a socket orstem fitting tightly in the cylinder 14. The end piece 15 supports the second crushing plate 16,v said plate being fitted thereto by means of a layer of relatively soft and easily melting metal. This part of the machine is more distinctly illustrated in; Fig. 6which shows, for the purpose of securely fastening the crushing plate 16, a clamping piece 17 which is fixed to thesocket of the end piece 15 by means of a screw 18. In order to securely fasten the end piece 15 to the innercylinder 14vv there is provided a loose bottom member 21 within the cylinder and having a divided ring 19, 20 and two screws 22, 23. The bottom member 21 fits tightly inthe cylinder and the divided ring fits in an annular groove formedin the inner surface of the cylinder 14, while the screws 22, 23- pass freely through apertures in the divided ring and are screwed. in the bottom member 21. Upon inserting thedivi ed ring 19, 20 into the groove, it is secured in its position andfastened to the bottom. member '21 by. means of screws not shown in the drawing. The bottom member 21 also servesas: a. support,.when the end piece 15 is to be taken out, for instance for the purpose of replacing the crushing plate 16. In such a case the clamping piece 17 and the screws 18, 22 and 23 are removed, whereupon a long auxiliary screw is screwed in the threaded hole for the screw 18, until its end abuts the bottom member 21 and by screwing the auxiliary screw further inwards the end piece 15 obviously will be pressed outward and may thus be removed. During the repair oi the crushing plate 16 the screws 22, 23 may be screwed in provisionally in their respective holes, to thereby prevent any dust or the like entering the interior of the driving mechanism.

The inner cylinder 14 is further provided at its end opposite to the crushing plate 16 with a bottom member 24 securely attached to or integral with the cylinder 14, and in the outside. portion of the bottom member 24 there is eccentrically arranged a member 25 having a spherical cavity for one end of tem 31. 32 is prevented from being rotated and is kept pressed against the end plate 28 by means of a spring 33 which is anchored at one end to the frame 7 of the machine, while its other end is fastened to the lever 31 by means of screw bolt 34. About the shaft is rotatably journalled an end piece 36 provided for this purpose with a flanged metal bushing 35, said end piece 36 closing the outer end of the enlarged part 3 of the cylinder 1. In order to be able to alter the axial position of the end piece 86 in relation to the enlarged part 3 both parts are provided with threads. By this means, that is: by turning the end piece 36 in relation to the enlarged part 3, the distance between the crushing plates 11 and 16may be adjusted, and. once this adjustment has been made, the end piece 36 may be locked by means of a counter nut andscrews 37, 38 which connect the counter nut with the end piece 36.

In order to obtain for each "forward movement of the cylinder 14 and the crushing plate 16attached thereto, that is: for each movement in the direction towards the other crushing-plate 11, a corresponding backward movement, return springs 39, 40 are mounted between two discs 41 and 42 which are connected with each other through screws 43, 44 (Fig. 2), said springs having sufficient tensiontoovercome the resistance against said movement. The springs 39, 40 together with thediscs 41, 42 and the screws 43, 44 thus form a special unit of a resilient system which as a whole may be inserted in the machine or removed therefrom. The disc 42 rests against the inner face of the bottom member 24 and the disc 41 is loosely fitted in the cylinder 14. By means of connecting 3 rods 45 and 46 and a loosely inserted ring 47 the said spring system is connected to the outer cylinder 1, and as it rests on the inner face of the bottom member 24 of the inner cylinder 14, the spring system obviously isdimensioned and compressed that they safely have the power to return the inner cylinder to its extreme outer position, and they can be further compressed to an amount corresponding to the total maximum wear of both crushing plates. Any wear on the driving mechanism may be compensated for by screwing the end plate 36 further in, which however has no influence on the tension of the springs.

The moving parts of the driving mechanism are lubricated by introducing a suitable lubricant through a bore hole in the outer cylinder, which is normally kept closed by a screw stopper 48. The quantity of lubricant is so measuredthat it forms a cylindrical layer produced by the centrifugal force, of

such thickness that its inner cylindrical surface extends inwardly beyond the inner cylindrical surface of the inner cylinder 14. The walls of the cylinder 14 are provided with suitably spaced ports through which the lubricant passes into the space between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 14 and to the cylindrical guiding sleeves 49, 50 therebetween. For the lubrication of the bearing surfaces between the shaft 30 and the parts 36, 28 and 29, there is provided an automatic lubricating device 51, 52.

The machine preferably is driven by a belt acting on the pulley 53 which constitutes a fiy-wheel and is mounted on the outer cylinder 1 and fixed thereto at about the middle thereof by means of a key or the like.

In the rotation of the outer cylinder 1 and the parts securely attached thereto, partake also the inner cylinder 14, the end piece 15 and its crushing plate 16, the end plate 28, the pressure rod 26 and the recessed members 25 and 27, withabout the same velocity on account of the friction prevailing between the surfaces which are in contact with each other. Under actual working conditions, that is: when stone, ore or'the like is being crushed, the friction between the crushing plates and the material to be crushed assists in keeping the inner cylinder, together with the above named parts, in rotation at approximately the same velocity as the outer cylinder rotates.

As, now, the end plate 28 is kept as above -to perform oscillating movements, as diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. This movement in combination with the action of the above named spring system 39-44 causes axial reciprocating movements of the inner cylinder 14 and the crushing plate 16 attachedthereto to be produced, the extent of which movements is determined by the length of the pressure rod 26 and the eccentricity of its bearing members.

On account of the action of the centrifugal force the crushed material is slung out from the space between the crushing plates 11, 16 into a fixed chamber formed by side plates 54 and 55 and peripheral plates 56, arranged within a housing 59 consisting of two parts, wherefromit falls down through an opening in the lower part of said housing. The material to be crushed is fed through a fixed hopper 60. which enters the space between the crushing plates through a central open ing in the crushing plate 11'.

Fig. 6 shows a modification of the devices for fastening together the plate 10 and the crushing plate 11. Instead of using the bay Under practical working conditions the wear of the'crushing plates 11, 16 will be greatest at their edges, because the main portion of the crushing work is performed by the latter. This circumstance will result in a decrease in the distance between the more central parts of the crushing plates when the position of the inner cylinder is adjusted rel atively to the outer cylinder to compensate for the wear and to maintain a constant dis-' tance between the edges of the crushing plates. In consequence thereof the size of the pieces'of the material to be crushed and fed into the machine must be so small that each piece in fact is securely gripped by the crushing plates and not merely moved to and fro in the mouth of the hopper, even if the peripheral parts of the crushing plates are nearly worn out. i

In order to, avoid this objection, the crushing plates may be constructed as shown, for example, in Figs. 712. By arranging radially extending grooves in the faces of the areprovided. with; radially extending wedge shaped grooves 63 having their points directed outwardly, and the portions left between two such adjacent grooves, therefore, willtapertowards the center, with the result that said portions here ofi'er a smaller surface to the action of the material under treatment, so that they are worn away more quickly than if the plate had a smooth surface, and by choosing the right form and dimensions for the grooves andv the ridges a practically perfectlyuniform wear may be caused to occur. The consequence thereof will be that the space between the crushing plates during wear will likewise maintain its size and form, until the Jlates have been completely worn out, wherefore it will be possible to feed into the machine constantly larger pieces of material to be crushed than if the plates were made with plain faces such as shown in Figs. 1 and 6. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of one of the grooved plates after the ridges, which are shown in dotted lines, have been worn away.

Vl hen it is the question of obtaining finely crushed material, the crushing motions must be relatively short and an increase of the ctii' ciency of. the machine may be obtained by using grooved crushing plates, such as shown in Figs. 10-12. Owing to the form given the face of this type of crushing plates, the linear surface at the periphery through which or over which the crushed material is slung out, will be increased. In this embodiment, the plate 64L isprovided with closely ad oining radially entendin grooves which reach up to the very'edge or the plate, and the portions leftbetween adjacent grooves are bevelled or wedge shaped in such a manner that the plate is given a zigzag shaped working edge. Fig. 12'shows how the zigzag shaped working edge of. one plate interfits the corresponding edge of the other plate, the ridges of one plate registering with the grooves in the other plate.

This special form of the crushing plates as shown in Figs. 10l2 requires, however, that the two plates follow each other exactly with respect to their velocity of rotation, because otherwise a displacement of the grooves or ridges in one plate in relation to those of the other plate will take place, which cannot be permitted. To secure the necessary uniformity with respect to the rotation of the two plates, the inner cylinder 1%, for instance, may be provided with keys or guiding memberswhich lit in corresponding key ways or grooves in the outer cylinder and serve as an interlock, sothat the inner cylinder is positively forced to perform the same rotation as the outer cylinder, when latter is rotated.

'1 Many other contrivances may however be tion. The grooves and ridges in the plates according to Figs. 10-12 may also be so constructed that a somewhat larger ridge is left' remaining towards the center of the plate, whereby the same advantages are obtained wlth. respect to unlform wear as with the plates described above and shown in Figs.

It is also to be understood that the machine according to the invention may be so con.- structed that the shaft 30 is made rotatable by attaching theretoa belt driven pulley, so that the shaft is rotated in the opposite direction to.

the cylinders 1 and 14, whereby the number of reciprocating crushing motions is increased. Tn such a case the leversystem 31, 32 and the spring 33am done away with and the shaft 30 has to be extended, so that a bearin g for same may be arranged at thev outside of the belt pulley mentioned above.

From the above it will be noted that the pressure rod 26 which'performs the crushing motions, the end plate 28 and the two re cessed members 25 and 27 rotate at approxi mately (or exactly) the same speed as both cylinders 1 and 14 and the parts connected or attached thereto. In consequence thereof, the pressure rod 26 will only perform an inconsiderable weltering or rolling movement in relation to the recesses or cavities in the 1nembers25 and 27, and the relative motion between the end plate 28 and the end piece 36 may be expressed as a circle of which the radius is equal to the distance between the axis of the socket 29 and the axis of the outer cylinder 1 or the shaft 30. The friction produced by the crushing pressure, therefore,

will be comparatively little on account of the fore, have only to resist the load produced by the tension of the driving belt and the weight of the rotating parts, which enables them tobe made comparatively short and be lubricated in a simple manner, for instance by means offat of suitable consistency. A further advantage of the construction is that no consider-able shakings are transferred to the frame 7, and therefore the machine may be placed on a relatively weak foundation and further may be mounted, if desired, on a truck provided with wheels in orderto render it transportable.

The above stated facts should make it obvious for every man versed in the art, that all disadvantages and drawbacks adhering to similar crushing machines of known types or the like, a rotatable outer cylindrical shell having an end piece which is rotatable with it and is provided with a central opening, a shaft within said opening having an eccentrically located bore hole, an inner cylindrical member, an eccentrically located thrust bearing attached to the inner cylindrical memher, a second thrust bearing having a central socket which is journalled in the bore hole of said shaft, and a pressure rod having its ends located in said thrust bearings.

2. In a machine for crushing ore, stone or the like, a rotatable outer cylindrical shell provided at one end with a crushing plate and at its other end with an venlarged cylindrical part, an inner cylindrical member provided at one end with a secondcrushing plate opposite the first crushing plate, driving mechanism connected to the other end of the inner cylindrical member for-reciprocating the latter, and abutment means for said driving mechanism adj ustably attached to the enlarged part of the outer cylindrical shell; said abutment means comprising a cylindrical part provided at its circumference with threads which fit in threads on the inner circumference of the enlarged part of the outer cylindrical shell.

3. In amachine for crushing ore,stone and the like, a rotatable outer cylindrical shell provided at one end with a dished crushing plate facing inwardly, a hollow cylindrical member within said shell provided at the corresponding end with a dust-tight bottom member, and a second dished crushing plate supported by said bottom member and facing the first crushing plate. a

4. A machine as claimed in claim 3, in which the dust-tight bottom member is removably fitted in and attached to one end of the inner cylindrical member.

5. In a machine for crushing ore, stone or the like, a rotatable outer cylindrical shell having at one end a crushing plate, an inner hollow cylindrical member provided at' the corresponding end with a flanged piece having a central stem which fits in the hollow cylindrical member, a removable dusttight bottom member within the hollow cylindrical member, screw means forfastening the flanged piece to the bottom member, a second dished crushing plate facing the first crushing plate and in contact with the: flanged piece, and screw means forfastening the second crushing plate to the flanged piece. I

6. A machine for crushing ore, stone or the like, comprising a rotatable cylindrical shell and a supporting frame therefor, a crushing plate attached to saidshell, a movable support located within said shell, a second crushing plate opposite to the first crushing plate and attached to said support, fixed means for feeding the material into the space between the two crushing plates, means arranged entirely within said shell for reciprocating said support and the second crushing plate, abutment means resting against the cylindrical shell, and means for causing the support and the crushing plate carried thereby to follow the rotation of the cylindrical shell and the crushing plate car-- tried by the latter.

7. A. machine for crushing ore, stone and the like, comprising a rotatable cylindrical shell and a supporting frame therefor; a crushing plate attached to said shell; a movable support located within said shell; a second crushing plate facing the first crushing plate and leaving a space therebetween for the material to be crushed, the second crushing plate being attached to said support; fixed means for feeding the material to the space between the two crushing plates; means arranged entirely within said shell for reciprocating said support and the second crushing plate, each crushing plate having a dished form and being provided on its concave surface with outwardly tapering grooves the depth of which successively decreases toward the periphery of the plate, I

such grooves leaving between them corresponding ridges having a correspondingly 1nwardly tapermg'form and a height successively increasing toward the center of the plate.

8. A machine for crushing ore, stone and the like, as claimed in claim 7, in which the grooves in the concave faces of the dished crushing plates extend substantially radially. 9. A. machine for crushing ore,stone and the like, as claimed in claim 7, in which the grooves in the concavefaces of the dished crushing plates extend substantially radially to the very edge of the plate, the thickness of the'ridges successively decreasing in the direction toward the center of the plate in a greater proportion than the decrease of the radius of the plate.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification. 7

JOHN IVALDEMAR ERICSSON, 

